To use a keyboard shortcut, or key combination, you press a modifier key with a character key. For example, pressing the Command key (the key with a symbol) and the "c" key at the same time copies whatever is currently selected (text, graphics, and so forth) into the Clipboard. This is also known as the Command-C key combination (or keyboard shortcut).
A modifier key is a part of many key combinations. A modifier key alters the way other keystrokes or mouse clicks are interpreted by Mac OS X. Modifier keys include: Command, Control, Option, Shift, Caps Lock, and the fn key (if your keyboard has a fn key).
Startup:
Press X during startup - Force Mac OS X startup
Press Option-Command-Shift-Delete during startup - Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
Press C during startup - Start up from a CD that has a system folder
Press N during startup - Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
Press T during startup - Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode
Press Shift during startup - Start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
Press Command-V during startup - Start up in Verbose mode.
Press Command-S during startup - Start up in Single-User mode
Finder window:
Command-W - Close Window
Option-Command-W - Close all Windows
Command-Right Arrow - Expand folder (list view)
Option-Command-Right Arrow - Expand folder and nested subfolders (list view)
Command-Left Arrow - Collapse Folder (list view)
Option-Command-Up Arrow - Open parent folder and close current window
Menu commands:
Shift-Command-Q (Apple Menu) - Log out
Shift-Option-Command-Q (Apple Menu) - Log out immediately
Shift-Command-Delete (Finder Menu) - Empty Trash
Option-Shift-Command-Delete (Finder Menu) - Empty Trash without dialog
Command-H (Finder Menu) - Hide Finder
Option-Command-H (Finder Menu) - Hide Others
Command-N (File Menu) - New Finder window
Shift-Command-N (File Menu) - New Folder
Command-O (File Menu) - Open
Command-S (File Menu) - Save
Shift-Command-S (File Menu) - Save as
Command-P (File Menu) - Print
Command-W (File Menu) - Close Window
Option-Command-W (File Menu) - Close all Windows
Command-I (File Menu) - Get Info
Option-Command-I (File Menu) - Show Attributes Inspector
Command-D (File Menu) - Duplicate
Command-L (File Menu) - Make Alias
Command-R (File Menu) - Show original
Command-T (File Menu) - Add to Favorites (Mac OS X 10.2.8 or earlier), Add to Sidebar (Mac OS X 10.3 or later—use Shift-Command-T for Add to Favorites)
Command-Delete (File Menu) - Move to Trash
Command-E (File Menu) - Eject
Command-F (File Menu) - Find
Command-Z (Edit Menu) - Undo
Command-X (Edit Menu) - Cut
Command-C (Edit Menu) - Copy
Command-V (Edit Menu) - Paste
Command-A (Edit Menu) - Select All
Command-1 (View Menu) - View as Icons
Command-2 (View Menu) - View as List
Command-3 (View Menu) - View as Columns
Command-B (View Menu) - Hide Toolbar
Command-J (View Menu) - Show View Options
Command - [ (Go Menu) - Back
Command - ] (Go Menu) - Forward
Shift-Command-C (Go Menu) - Computer
Shift-Command-H (Go Menu) - Home
Shift-Command-I (Go Menu) - iDisk
Shift-Command-A (Go Menu) - Applications
Shift-Command-F (Go Menu) - Favorites
Shift-Command-G (Go Menu) - Goto Folder
Command-K (Go Menu) - Connect to Server
Command-M (Window Menu) - Minimize Window
Option-Command-M (Window Menu) - Minimize All Windows
Command-? (Help Menu) - Open Mac Help
Command-Space - Open Spotlight (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Command-esc (Front Row) - Activates Front Row for certain Apple computers
Universal Access and VoiceOver:
Option-Command-8 - Turn on Zoom
Option-Command-+ (plus) - Zoom in
Option-Command-- (minus) - Zoom out
Control-Option-Command-8 - Switch to White on Black
Control-F1 - Turn on Full Keyboard Access
When Full Keyboard Access is turned on, you can use the key combinations listed in the table below from the Finder:
Control-F2 (Full Keyboard Access) - Highlight Menu
Control-F3 (Full Keyboard Access) - Highlight Dock
Control-F4 (Full Keyboard Access) - Highlight Window (active) or next window behind it
Control-F5 (Full Keyboard Access) - Highlight Toolbar
Control-F6 (Full Keyboard Access) - Highlight Utility window (palette)
Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5 - Turn VoiceOver on or off (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F8 or fn-Control-Option-F8 - Open VoiceOver Utility (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-F7 or fn-Control-option-F7 - Display VoiceOver menu (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
Control-Option-; or fn-Control-option-; - Enable/disable VoiceOver Control-Option lock (Mac OS X 10.4 or later)
The Universal Access preference pane allows you to turn on Mouse Keys. When Mouse Keys is on, you can use the numeric keypad to move the mouse. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.
Mouse Keys:
8 - Move Up
2 - Move Down
4 - Move Left
6 - Move Right
1, 3, 7, and 9 - Move Diagonally
5 - Press Mouse Button
0 - Hold Mouse Button
. (period on keypad) - Release Mouse Button (use after pressing 0)
Other Commands:
Option-Command-D - Show/Hide Dock
Command-Tab - Switch application
tab - Highlight next item
Command-Up Arrow - Move up one directory
Command-Down Arrow - Move down one directory
Page Up or Control-Up Arrow - Move up one page
Page Down or Control-Down Arrow - Move down one page
Option-Drag - Copy to new location
Option-Command-Drag - Make alias in new location
Command-Drag - Move to new location without copying
Shift-Command-C - Show Colors palette in application
Command-T - Show Font palette in application
Command-Shift-3 - Take a picture of the screen
Command-Shift-4 - Take a picture of the selection
Command-Shift-4, then press Control while selecting - Take a picture of the screen, place in Clipboard
Command-Shift-4, then Spacebar - Take a picture of the selected window
Option-Command-esc - Force Quit
Control-Eject - Restart, Sleep, Shutdown dialog box
Control-Command-Eject - Quit all applications and restart
Option-Command-Eject or Option-Command-Power - Sleep
Command-click window toolbar button (upper right corner) - Cycle through available views for the window's toolbar (dependant on the nature of the Finder or application window)
Command-` - Cycle through windows in application or Finder (if more than one window is open)
Function-Delete - (portables only--PowerBook, iBook, MacBook, MacBook Pro) Forward Delete - (delete the character to the right of your cursor)
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